Reloading presses for ammunition



April 8, 1958 y J. T. 'rwlDwELL 2,829,553

RELOADING PRESSES FOR AMMUNITION Filed Dec. 27. 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 la24 9 "le w n g2 l o n e 5766 @il S 2 58s 3| IAE Hfs 59 ,J e4 3 \f` SJOHN T. TWIDWELL a I 2 BY a 33 n n-.qln ATTOR N E April 8, 1958 J. T.TwlDwELL 2,829,553

` RELOAD'ING PRESSES FOR AMMUNITION Filed Dec. 27. 1955 A 2 sheets-shanew 3 F 7 L5 ATToRN Y K 2,829,553` s v `RELOADING` PRESSES FORANIlVIUNIIION `John T. ,'lvvidwell, Pasco, `Wash. y Application December27, 1955,*Serial No.'5`5 5,4t)8V z claims.:y (ci. 86436) i Thisinvention relatesto `reloading mechanism lvfor ammunition, and `moreparticularly to reloading devices United Saas pmt@ adapted for thereloading Iofspent rie or pistol casing shellsoffthecenterlire variety.l 4 h 1 One of `the objects`of`thisjinvention is to providerin a`reloading devicefor cartridgegmeans for inserting a new primer cap intoa cartridge casing from which a used primer cap has been removed, therebeing associated therewith a magazine adapted to contain a plurality ofnewprimer caps and there also being means to transfer the primer capfrom the magazine, one at a time, into af position in alignment with theprimer cap aperture `in the` cartridge casing or shell for'subsequentinsertion thereinto.

n Another object of `this invention issto provide areloadingdeviceincorporating `means for removlng a spent primer capfrom`a cartridge casing andmeanswfor insert-4 ing anew primer ycapinto thecasing, there being common e operating means for both mechanisms.

A further' object of thisfinvention xsto provide antimproved reloadingdevice foi-,ammunition which includes means for holding a `spentcartridge casing, reload plunger means movable toward and. awayifrom thecasing for the i plungerV and the. casing `sof-,that subsequentoperation of t, the,l reload plunger will effect the insertion of a newprimer cap` into the cartridge casing.

e Still another object of `this iven'tion `is to provide `an. improvedreloading device in conformity with theyforegoing object and the reloadplunger, while'in itsuposition 'Parenti-,darm 8, 195s ice A Y 2 to itsorganization and its method of operation, together with additionalobjects and advantages thereof, will best be understood ifromthefollowing description of speciiic embodiments when read in connectionwith the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference charactersindicate like parts throughout the several gures and in which:

Fig. l is a front elevational view of the improved reloading mechanismshowing a shell or cartridge casing in place and with parts of themechanism being broken away to show detailsof internal construction; f

Fig. 2is a side elevational view of the'assembly as shown in Fig. l,parts thereof being broken away to show details of construction; Y

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section taken along the plane of sectionline 3-3 of Fig. 1, but showing the device operating upon the spent`cartridge casing to simultaneously resize the neclcthereof and removethe old Iprimer cap;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged horizontal section taken substantially along theplane of section line 4--4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged horizontal section taken substantially along theplane of section line 5-5 of Fig. l;

' Fig. 6 is anenlarged Vvertical section taken' substantially 4along theplane of section line 6 6 of Fig. 1; 25

Fig. 7 is an enlarged horizontal section taken substantially along theplane of sect-ion line 7A-'7 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is Van enlarged vertical section taken substantiallyr along theplane of section line 8 8 of Fig.V 2;`

Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. l but showing a modied form ofconstruction; i, Fig. l0 is a View similar to Fig. 6 but showing the smodification illustrated in Fig. 9

purpose of inserting a newprimer cap'` therein, a magacasing, and

Fig. `11v is an enlarged vertical section showing the device when usedfor reinserting a bullet into the neck ofthe cartridge;

` -i Fig. 12'is a vertical section taken through a device con-4 structedfor the purpose of removing bullets from a shell Fig. 13 is"an enlargedvertical section taken substantially along the plane of section'line13-13 of Fig. 1 but showing the parts in position just prior to theinsertion of a new primer cap within thespent cartridge casing.

Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2, the assembly will be `,seensto consistessentially of a frame F constructed in any desired manner but asparticularly shown, including a pair ofv spaced, parallel, uprightmembers 1 and 2 interconmost remote from thetcartridge casingpisintheipath of casing,`the samewill be exposed for operation thereupon bythe plunger means, e i A still further object ofthisinvention is toprovide an e improved `type of reloading mechanism incorporating i meansassociatedwith a common manual operating mech- `anism fo`r"iirstr'esizingthe neck of a spent cartridge casing for shell lwhilesimultaneously removing the spent primer cap therefrom and `then`inserting a new primer cap into the cartridge casingw` l,

Another object of' this invention` `to providean improved reloadingmechanism for ammunition wherein the neclrof the shellis resizedandprepared fortheinsertion i' of a new bullet, the old primer `removed anda new primer `inserted withoutnecessitating the removal or repositioningof the shellbeing loaded. t i

plicity "of design-irigidity` ofconstruction and economy of manufacture.i Y l, ,'Ihe ,novel featuresmthat f are `consideredcharacteristic ofthednventionare set forth withparticularityv in the appended clainisg`r'lhe invention itself, howeverpboth as nected valong correspondingedges by a-transverse web member 3 and a base 4, an upper portion of webmember 3 being provided with a slot 3 for the purpose of permittingoperating linkage, hereinafter described, to clear such web. As will beseen most clearly in Figs. l and 4, portions of the members 1 and 2project forwardly of the web 43 and are provided therein with guideways12, as shown, for the purpose of guidably receiving the carriage member9 and more particularly the opposite side Yedge portions vof carriagebase 10. The carriage base 10 may be provided along one side thereofwith a pair of depressions 70 and 71 Icooperable with the detentplunger69 which is normally urged by springmember 69 into `engagementwith the side edge portionl of the carriage, the spring 69 being firmlyanchored to the frame ber D. vThis die member is threaded as indicatedby reference character 57 for engagement through the vertical threadedbore of the ear 11 and a stop collar 58 is also threadedly-engagedonthis portion 57 and retained in position. thereon by the set screw 58for a purpose which `'will be hereinafter described. i The die is alsoprovided with a longitudinally extending bore which extends completelytherethrough and which incorporates an upper internally threaded portiona, a lower bore portion b opening onto the lower end of the die and anintermediate bore portion 62 of lesser diameter than the bore portion band merging therewith in the frusto conical portion c.

lWith reference now to Fig. 3, itA Wil-l be seen that the bore portion bis adapted to receive the portion `63 of the shell casing S and snuglyfit therearound, whereas the internal diameter of the bore portion 62 isso `chosen as to neck-down or constrict the neck 66 of the shell casingS, which neck will normally have been expanded to a greater or lesserdegree at the time the casing was red. The bore portion c, of course,provides an entrance mouth into the portion 62 during the constrictingor necking-down process.

Fixed to the frame `assembly F below the carriage 9, is a bracketassembly B. This bracket includes a horizontally, forwardly projectingtable portion 6, and a depending leg 6 which is rigidly secured to theweb 3 by means of suitable fasteners such as the bolts 5. The flange 6carries a forwardly projecting guide portion 7 disposed in spacedrelation below the undersurface of the table portion 6. The tableportion 6 is provided therethrough with a vertical hole or opening h anda counter bore h on the upper surface to receive the shell retainingmember 32 therein, lthe latter being held in place by set screw 33. Theretaining member 32 includes an upraised semicircular lip 34 which isadapted to engage in the annular groove, defined by the ejector rim 35,in the base or back portion of the shell or cartridge casing S andserves to hold the same in place as indicated most clearly in Fig. 3.The retaining member is also provided with a vertical bore 32therethrough which, when the shell casing S is held by the retainingmember, is in vertical alignment with the primer cap aperture p in theback Wall of the shell casing S. Thus, the retaining member '32presentsa vertical bore through the table portion 6 and this boreconforms in diameter substantially to the diameter of the-primer capaperture p in the shell casing.

Die member D receives in its internally threaded upper bore portion a acombined ejector and sizing member 59 and including an upper threadedbody portion 6@ engageable within the bore portion a and terminating atits upper end in the finger knob n. Depending from the threaded bodyportion 60 is an elongate stem portion r having adjacent its free Vendan enlarged sizing portici-n64 and terminating at its. free end in areduced diameter nipple 61 which is adapted to be projected through theprimer cap tiring aperture, as shown, and punch out the spent primer cap39a from the spent cartridge shell casing. The punched out spent primercap will, of course, fall downwardly through vthe aperture 32 in theretaining member 32. Associated with the threaded body portion 60 of theejector means is a stop collar or lock nut vmember S8 having a setscrew, not shown, preferably associated therewith to retain the properadjustment of the ejector means, as will be described.

The lowermost position of the carriage 9, and consequently the lowermostposition of the die means D, is shown in Fig` 3 and in this position thedie means is adjusted vertically by threading the same within the earportion 11 to achieve the proper height. At this point, the stop collaror lock nut 58 is threaded tightly against the ear 11 and held in placeby its associated set screw 58. In this same position, the ejector meansmust be so positioned as to completely'remove the spent primer cap 39afrom the primer cap aperture or pocket pin the shell casing S. For thispurpose,the ejector means is adjusted vertically within the die body Dso as to attain the proper height and, at this point, the associatedstop nut 58"l is locked in place to retain the vproper adjustment. Theuppermost yposition of the carriageinember is shown in Fig. 1 and itis'noted in this respectfthat the ysame is held normally in thisposition by cooperation between the detent member 69 and the pocket 70in the side of the carriagemember, as is shown. The lowermost positionof the carriage member is normally retained by virtue of the engagementof the detent member 69 in the indentation or pocket 71.

Rotatably supported in the bearing portions 20 of frame members 1 and 2(Figs. 2 and 7) adjacent the upper end portions thereof is a transverse,horizontal shaft member 18 which has pinned thereto, as by the pinmember 19, a crank 16 having its forward free end portion pivotallysecured, as bythe pivot pin 17, to a pair of depending link members 13straddling the same and which straddle at their opposite ends and arepivotally secured, by means of pivot pin 14, to an ear portion 15 formedat the upper end of the carriage base 10. Thus, when the shaft 18 isrotated in opposite directions, the carriage 9 will slide vertically upand down in its guideways 12, as previously described.

Atleast one end portion 0f the shaft 18 projects outwardly from a sideof the frame F and a handle means 24 is associated therewith which maytake the form as specifically shown in the drawings wherein the handlemeans consists of a bar projecting transversely through the free endportion of the shaft 18 and rigidly secured thereto as by set screwmember 25. To prevent longitudinal movement of the shaft 18, an annulargroove 23 is formed therein and into which the stem portion of a setscrew member 21 carried by the frame F may be projected, as will be mostclearly seen in Fig. 7. As the handle 24 is rotated downwardly in thedirection of the arrow, Fig. 2, the carriage 9 will be moved verticallydownwardly from its position as shown to the lowermost position, asshown in Fig. 3. As the die member moves downwardly to receive thelshell or cartridge casing S, the neck portion 66 of the shell will bereduced in diameter by the bore portion 62 of the die member whilesimultaneously therewith the nipple 61 of the ejector means will punchout the spent primer cap 39a. When the die member is again withdrawn bymoving the carriage 9 vertically upwardly, the resizing portion 64 ofthe ejector'mean's Iwill pass upwardly through the then necked downportion 66 of the shell casing S and will re-expand the same to conformto the proper diameter for inserting a 'new bullet thereinto. Thus, uponone complete up and down motion of the carriage, the shell casing isridded of its spent primer cap, while at the Sametime the neck 66thereof is resized so as to subsequently received a new bullet therein.

The previously mentioned guide portion 7 below the table portion 6 isprovided with a vertical bore therethrough which is in alignment withthe bore 32 in the retaining means 32 and reciprocable within this guidebore is areload plunger 8 terminating at its upper end in a reduceddiameter stem portion 8 presenting at its upper free end a concavedepression to receive a new primer cap therein. The lower end of thereload plunger 8 is threaded, as shown most clearly in Figs. 2 and 8,and a stop collar 36 is adjustably located thereon and maintained inproper place by means of a set screw 36', the purpose of the stop collarbeing to engage the undersurface of the guide portion 7 to limit theupward travel of the reload plunger so that in its uppermost position itwill be effective to properly insert a new primer cap into ythe primercap aperture p in the shell casing or cartridge casing'S. The guideportion`7 is provided with a depending'bifurcated leg portion 27 Vwhichstraddles one end of a'lever member 26 and is pivotally secured theretoby means of a pin 28 extending throughboth members. The le'g27-isprovided with-horizontal slots 28 in its bifurcated portions within'whichthe pivot pin 28 rides. The lower end of the reload plunger 8 isbifurcated, as is illustrated most clearly in Fig. 8, andthe samestraddles'an intermediate portion "of -the rlever v26 and is pinnedthereto as by means of the pivot 'pin 37. The opposite free end of thelever As pinned as by the member 30to a clevis at the lower end ofoperating rod 2 9 which extends `forms a common operating means for thecarriage and for the reloadplunger Snfor performing sequentialreloadingoperations in a manner to be described presently.

A transfer plate 41 is pivotally secured to the undersurface of thetable portion 6 in face-to-facecontact therewith, such connection Abeingeffected by means of a pivot bolt 43. The transfer plate includes aprojecting ear portion 41', bestshown in Fig. 5, and secured inspacedrelation on the undersurface of the table portion 6in dependingrelationthereto area pair of stop pin members 55 and 56 which xthe extremitiesof the pivotal path of movement of theV transfer plate.Projectingthrough a vertical bore in the table portion `6 is the reducedlower end portion 38', Fig. 6, of a magazine38 `andwhich` includes avertical sight slot 40 to `determine whether or not there is a supply`of primera caps 39 therein.Y The new primer caps 39 whichare disposedwithin the magazine 3S are stackedfthereinandwill normally tend to fallby y gravity through the lower end thereof. i, n

The transfer plate 41issubstantially equal in` thickness to that of theindividual primer caps 39 and said plate has an `opening 45 therethroughwhich is normally closedv at its bottom by an end portion 47 of ashutter or retainer 46, `whereby the opening 45 will nest the caps 39one .at a time. When the transfer plate 41 is in the full line position.as shown in Fig. 5, the opening 45 therein, see particularly Fig.-`6will`be in alignment beneath the lower end of the magazine 38 andthelowerm'ost primer cap 39 will be disposed within such aperture 45 andwill be retained in place therein by `means lof the end 47 of `theshutter or retainer 46 which is pivotally secured to the transfer plateby means of the pivot 48. The transfer k plate carrieea stop pin 50 anda `spring 49 connected between postson the retainer strip 46 and thetransfer plate "normally lurges, the retainerfsitripto a position withits i end 47 underlyingthe apertureAS in the transferplate so as `toform .al pockettherewith for receiving the lower-A most primer` capinthestack` disposed Within the maga- '1`he upper`portionl of 4the stein8' of thereload plunger 8, when `th'ereload plunger is `inits lowermostposition, as shown inFigs. 3 and 13, is inthe path of movement of theretainer end47 when theutransfer plateis `swung to its reload positionshown `in dotted line4 in Fig. l5,; Thus,

when thetransfer platee-sswung toits dotted lineposition shown inFig.5the `stem `8 of thereload plunger i will cause the `retainer end 47 to`swing aside and uncover the underside of the aperture "lS'through` the'transfer plate and will deposit the primer rcap in the depression in theupper'end 8',;of theireload-,plunger stem.

The table portionflslidably `carries a detent member S1, best shownind-Fig."fwhich'iis normally spring urged downwardly by the action ofthe spring leaf 53 secured to th'e-` table portion top by the'screw54,the vdetent being engageablelwithin'a"depression`52 in the plate 4 1when theY latter in thedo'tted lin`e`position shown inFigL 5. It willlbe vnotedthat'theVV transfer plate includes the enlarged segmentalportion 42 underlying the table portion e 6 and of such an varea as tocover the underside or lower end portion of the magazine 38 regardlessof the position within which the transfer plate is disposed. The

transfer plate also includes a horizontally projecting lever portion 44whereby the transfer plate may be manipulated manually. i

- almost, but not quite, entered into the primer cap aper- .ejectsthespent primer cap 39a.

ture p in the shell S. Of course, at this time, the spent primer cap 39ais still in the shell casing S. With the parts in this position, theoperating handle 24 is rotated downwardly to lower the carriage andcause the die D and its associated ejector means to move toward theshell casing S. At the same time, due to its weight, the reload plunger8 will be lowered also, withdrawing the reload plunger stem S' from thevertical bore 32 in the retainer member32 so as to permit the spentprimer cap to fall downwardly through the bore 32. As the carriage ismoved to its lowermost position, the die performs the neckingdownoperation on the neck 66 of the shell casing while, at the sametime, the nipple 61 of the ejector means With the parts still in thelowermost position, the transfer plate 41 is manipulated by swinging itslever 44 in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 9, so that a new primer capis transferred from the magazine 38 to a position resting upon the upperend of the stem 8 of the reload plunger. The common operating means isthen moved in the opposite direction to raise the carriage 9 and elevatethe reload plunger S so that the new primer cap is pressed into theshell casing S. At this point, the shell casing is removed and is readyfor lling with powder.

A modied form of primer cap transfer mechanism is illustrated in Figs. 9and l0 and it will be seen that in this modification the table portion 6is provided on its undersurface with a T slot slidably receiving thetransfer n plate 141. The body 142 of the transfer plate carries aretainer strip 146 similar to that previously described and havingassociated therewith a spring means 149 to normally urge the same intoclosing relation with a vertical opening 145 through the n'ansfer plate.A stop pin i 150 is carried by the retainer plate 141 so that the spring149 normally urges the retainer strip 146 to the proper underlyingposition to bore 145.'

One .corner of the transfer plate is provided with an :offset ear`portion 1,45 underlying an adjacent portion of the table 6 andengageable with a pair of stop pins 146' and 147..to limit the twoextremities of travel of the `transfer plate 141. In these two positionsof the plate,

the` transfer plate opening 145 is respectively aligned with the lowerend of the magazine 38 and the lower end of the bore 32' through theretainer means 32. As is the case in the previously described mechanism,the .reload plunger stern4 8 is in the path of movement of the retainingstrip 146 `so that the stem moves the retainer aside when the transferplate is moved to the loading position shown'in dotted lines in Fig. 9to deposit a new primer cap on the upper end of the stem portion 8' forsubsequent insertion of the new primer cap into the shell casing S.

. When a desired quantity of shell casings have been provided withprimer caps, they are lled with a suflicient quantity of powder and arethen reinserted into the press, one at a time, for the purpose of afxinga new bullet thereinto. For this purpose, the ejector means is removedfrom the die D and replaced by a bullet'press mechanismy '72 as shown inFig. l1. The bullet press member is similar to thel ejector means insome respects except that its threaded body portion terminates withinthe die proper above the bore portion 62 thereof and presents thereat aconical bullet nose receiving depression 72', as most clearly shown inFig. 11. Of course, a stop collar 72" is associated with the bulletpress memberl to obtain the proper adjustment thereof. With the die inits uppermost position, a new bullet 65 is lightly pressed into theupper end ofthe neck 66 and then the die is lowered so that the bulletengaging member 72 thereof will force the bullet into the neck 66. Thebullet engaging member 72 is properly adjusted when the same engages thenose of the bullet 65 just as the upper end of the neck 66 of the shellcasing S enters into the bore 62 of the die. The iinal size of the shellcasing neck 66 as occasioned by the die portion 62 is correct for thefinished product and, of course, at the same time that the bullet isbeing pressed into place, the neck 66 of the shell is being reducedslightly in diameter to firmly engage and clamp upon the bullet portionwhich is projected into the neck.

Fig. 12 shows a means for removing the bullet from a shell casing Sshould the occasion for such removal arise. This removing mechanism isassociated with the previously mentioned die D and includes anexternally tapered collet member 67 which has at least a major portionthereof of greater diameter than the bore portion b of the die. Thecollet 67 is provided with an upwardly projecting bar portion M threadedat its upper end and receiving thereon a wing nut 68 bearing against awasher 68 overlying the upper end of the die member D. When the bulletextractor is used, the carriage 9 is lowered so as to engage the taperedcollet 67 onto the bullet 65 and continued downward pressure on theoperating means will cause the collet to be forced into the bore portionb and due to the collet taper, the collet will firmly grip the bullet65. At this point, the downward pressure is maintained on the operatingmeans and the wing nut 68 is screwed up tight so as to retain thegripping action of the collet upon the bullet. The operating means isoperated in the reverse direction to withdraw the bullet from the shellcasing S.

Although certain specific embodiments of the invention have been shownand described, it is obvious that many modifications thereof arepossible. The invention, therefore, is not to be restricted exceptinsofar as is necessitated by the prior art and by the spirit of theappended claims.

What is claimed is: n

1. A cartridge casing reconditioning apparatus comprising an upstandingframe, a horizontal table on said frame, said table having a cartridgecasing seat on its upper surface and a vertical bore extendingtherethrough axially of said seat, a vertically movable support slidablymounted on said frame above said table, a die having a die socketcorresponding to the louter shape and dimensions of a cartridge casing,a plunger carried by said die and disposed axially of said die socketwith the free end thereof protruding through the open end of said socketand beyond the end of said die, an enlarged sizing portion on saidplunger, means mounting said die on said support axially of said seatwith said die positioned to t down over a cartridge casing on said seatand said plunger penetrating the cartridge casing and punching the spentprimer cap from the breach of the casing to be discharged through saidseat bore, said table having an aperture therethrough spaced from saidseat bore, a cap magazine mounted on top of said table axially of saidaperture for delivering caps through said aperture by gravity, a carrierhaving an opening therethrough and a thickness corresponding to that ofa cap, said carrier being mounted on the underside of said table formovement in face-to-face contact between positions in which said openingis respectively aligned with said aperture to receive one cap at a timefrom said magazine and with said bore to position the cap thereunder, ashutter movably mounted on the underside of said carrier, means urgingsaid shutter to normally underlie said opening and retain a cap thereinbut permitting movement of said shutter from under said opening, meansfor moving said carrier between said positions, a reload plungerslidably mounted on said frame beneath said table in axial alignmentwith said bore for lifting a ycap in said opening up through said boreand pressing the cap into the cartridge casing breach on said seat,means for simultaneously reciprocating in the same direction saidsupport and said reload plunger to lower said die to reshape a cartridgecasing and punch the spent cap therefrom assaid reload plunger islowered to free said bore for discharging the spent cap and to lift saiddie to free the cartridge breach as said reload plunger is lifted tofeed a new cap from said carrier up through said bore and press it intothe cartridge breach, and means for positioning said reload plunger atthe lower end of its stroke with the upper end of said plungerimmediately below the path of said carrier but in the path of saidshutter to remove said shutter from beneath said opening as said carrieris moved into alignment with said plunger and bore to free the fresh capin said opening for reloading the cartridge casing by upward movement ofsaid reload plunger.

2.' A cartridge casing reconditioning apparatus comprising a horizontaltable having a cartridge casing seat on its upper surface and averticall bore extending therethrough axially of said seat, said tablehaving an aperture therethrough spa-ced from said seat bore, a capmagazine mounted on top of said table axially of said aperture fordelivering caps through said aperture by gravity, a carrier having anopening therethrough and a thickness corresponding to that of a cap,said carrier being mounted on the underside of said table for movementin face-to-face contact between positions in which said opening isrespectively aligned With said aperture to receive one cap at a timefrom said magazine and with said bore to position the cap thereunder, ashutter movably mounted on the underside of said carrier, means urgingsaid shutter to normally underlie said opening and retain a cap thereinbut permitting movement of said shutter from under said opening, meansfor moving said carrier between said positions, a reload plungerslidably mounted beneath said table in axial alignment with said borefor lifting a cap in said opening up through said bore and pressing thecap into the cartridge casing breach on said seat, means forreciprocating said reload plunger to lower said reload plunger to freesaid bore and to lift said reload plunger to feed a new cap from saidcarrier up through said bore and press it into the cartridge breach, andmeans for positioning said reload plunger at the lower end of its strokewith the upper end of said plunger immediately below the path of saidcarrier but in the path of said shutter to remove said shutter frombeneath said opening as said carrier is moved into alignment with saidplunger and bore to free the fresh cap in said opening for reloading thecartridge `casing by upward movement of said reload plunger.

' References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED .STATES4 PATENTS1,933,940 Sutton Nov. 7, 1933 2,061,977 Newcomb Nov. 24, 1936 2,552,772Fasig May 15, 1951 2,748,648 Miller June 5, 1956

